COP2 - Triangulation exercise

Mulvey's text 'Visual pleasure and narrative cinema' (1975) and Storey's text 'Cultural Theory and Popular Culture' (2008) both argue that the purpose of women in films is for the male gaze and that the male role in mainstream film is to advance the narrative. 'The determining male gaze projects its fantasy onto the female figure' (Mulvey 2009[1975]p.19), Mulvey explains how the male audience projects their idea of eroticism onto the female form. 'The audience's 'voyeuristic fantasy' is encouraged by the contrast between the darkness of the cinema and the changing patterns of light on the screen' (Storey 2008 p.82), here Storey is saying that the cinema environment is the perfect place for the male gaze to be released, because of the dark room the film feels more personal.

 Both these quotes tie in with each other and the two texts appear to have the same perspective however a third text titled 'reconceptualizing stardom' (McDonald, P(1998)) disagrees with the other two texts. 'Holden as Hal Carter continually removes his shirt to reveal an athletic physique. The female cast of ... each register their erotic recognition of the objectified male body.' (McDonald 1998 p.188) This quote shows that McDonald disagrees with the statements that the female figure is only present in film as a spectacle of the male gaze and that the male characters are for advancing the story. The example described in the quote shows the roles flipped as the male character is being looked on as an erotic object and the women are advancing the story.

Its important to note that Mulvey was a feminist and therefore will be naturally biased towards the women being the main victims. Considering this i still agree with Mulveys statements to an extent, i agree that the female figure is objectified alot more frequently in mainstream film than the male figure however the male figure can still be objectified sometimes and the role therefore can be switched.

Evaluation

For the context of practice 1 module our main task was to produce a 3000 word essay and an animated response which linked to the essay theme. I found the module challenging and found it difficult to get my head around ideas like triangulation and the correct way to Harvard reference. I eventually understood these elements and they are very simple really I just didn’t understand them at first.

For my essay I chose the question “What is the role of handmade/traditional animation in the digital age?” I chose this question because I find it interesting how the animation industry has changed over the past and how it may change in the future. Also I am quite open to both traditional animation and digital animation so my essay is based a lot on how traditional and digital animation can work together but also I have identified the strengths of both and the weaknesses of both.

When planning my essay I struggled with finding a good structure for the essay as I haven’t written an academic essay to this extent before and I didn’t really know how to write about the subject I chose. However in my progress review I realised that I just needed to expand on some key points and analyse an animation.  I didn’t stick to my essay plan as much as I should have done so my essay isn’t very well structured. I think the reason for this is that I expanded on the key points too much and used up too much of my essay on the key points and only a small portion of my essay is spent analysing the animation.

I enjoyed the lectures and thought they were very interesting and I have learnt a lot of new ideas and different ways of thinking from them. I thought the semiotics lectures were very interesting and also the colour theory lectures, I learnt lots of new information about the science of colours and how the brain perceives colours and how colours can seem to be different when put next to certain other colours.

For my animated response I thought it would be a good idea to combine computer generated animation and hand drawn animation.  For the first scene I animated a life drawing class to illustrate the idea that drawing practice has deep roots and those roots run through all other artistic practices. For the second scene I animated a sculptor with a chisel and hammer and a computer generated foot/leg. I wanted this to show that whatever medium is used to create the artwork, the same knowledge of the fundamental ideas of form, light and shadow are needed to succeed in producing a skilful piece of representational artwork.

In conclusion I enjoyed this module despite the work being quite challenging. This has definitely been my weakest module mainly because I struggle with academic writing, and find it hard to understand certain techniques but academic writing is definitely an important skill to have and hopefully I will improve in the future by focusing on it.

Finished COP Animation

For my finished cop animation i created half of it on maya using computer generated animation and half done traditionally. I think this helps get across what i am trying to say alot better than having it just one medium throughout.

Cop Lecture Programme

COP Lecture Programme

Lecture 1 (Module Briefing/Overview) notes:

• This programme is the theory side of the course
• Thinking about why your doing something instead of just doing it
• Research is important and links in with creation as a system

Lecture 2 (Visual Literacy) notes:

• How do we assign meaning to an object or an image of an object
• We need to make it clear what we are assigning meanings to and make sure we're doing it correctly
• We need to be able to correctly communicate ideas and concepts to a wide range of audiences.
• Some symbols are used to universally communicate messages
• Male and female toilet signs are a good example of using symbols
• Misinterpretation of a symbol can be very impactful
• Syntax is a word for the building blocks of an image
• Semantics refers to the link between forms and meanings

Link to animation: In animations signs can be used alot and it is important to have a good knowledge of how to use signs clearly and effectively and not cause the viewer to misinterpret the signs.

Lecture 3 (The History Of Image) notes:

• Historic art has an aura attached to it that makes it seem more fascinating and interesting
• Modern art is based more on the experience of visiting the exhibit than the quality of the piece of art itself
• The rise of reproduction brought change to the art world
• Artwork can never be safe from reproduction anymore
• The purpose of art has changed over time, because of reproduction art can now be used as a weapon in political attacks
• Art can be used to construct ideas of places that may not be the reality

Link to animation: It is useful to know that the purpose of art changes over time due to new technologies and art can be used in different ways

Lecture 4 (The History Of Type) notes:

• Modernism has its own typography
• Type is what language looks like
• All that is necessary for a language to exist is an agreement between a group of people that one thing will stand for another
• 25 years is the maximum time that a design is protected by intellectual property before it lapses

Link to animation: When using fonts for titles and credit or written text in scenes it is important to have a relevant font to not confuse the audience.

Lecture 5 (What Is Research?) notes:

• Research helps practice through learning from others and mistakes
• Process is more important than outcome because the outcome is just a product of the process
• Failing quicker gives more time to improve and develop
• Quantitive research is dealing with facts, figures and measurements, such as surveys
• Qualitative research deals with peoples experiences, beliefs and attitudes

Link to animation: This lecture relates to all practices in roughly the same way which is that the more practice you get making animations and the more animations you produce will help to become a better animator quicker aslong as you learn from your mistakes and do sufficient research. 

Lecture 6 (Print Culture & Distribution) notes:

• The age of print began around 1940
• Technological reproduction of art removes aura
• Artists began producing works of art made for reproduction like andy warhol

Link to animation: It is useful to know about the history of the print culture as this has informed animation practice and had a big effect on the animation world.

Lecture 8 (Consumerism) notes:

• Freuds model of personality structure
• the conciseness is just a small portion of the structure of our personality
• Bernays was using principles of psychoanalysis to help companies sell their products
• Advertising commercials were linking human desires to their products
• People were given the illusion that they were free when they were not

Link to animation: If animating for advertisements whilst not very moral it is effective to exploit human desires and make the product seem as though it will contain these desires.

Lecture 9 (Modernism) notes:

• Modern artists response to the city
• Advancements and different style of architecture
• Made people feel isolated and crave a place in the changing world
• The modernist movement was about form following function
• Also about showing the material for what it was and the design suiting the material
• Iffel tower built as a symbol for modern
• Stripping back things to their essentials

Link to animation: The idea of modernism is a interesting aspect in regards to animation and there are many modernist animations.

Lecture 10 (Post-Modernism) notes:

• Post-modernism is characterised by pessimism, exhaustion and the disillusionment with the idea of absolute knowledge
• The demolition of the Pruitt - Igoe development, St Louis was the end of modernism according to  Charles Jencks
• Postmodernism has an attitude of questioning conventions (especially modernist conventions)
• Only rule is that there are no rules
• "Artists" start producing rubbish and calling it art

Link to animation: As with modernism, there are alot of post-modernism animations, animations that explore that fact that with post-modernism there are no rules, no set narratives.

Lecture 11 (The designer as social critic) notes:

• Searching for reasons behind practice
• Designers are producing work for immoral companies
• A meme is a unit of information that gets passed around from brain to brain
• A practitioner's work should have a coherent message
• Art can be very powerful when it has a message behind it
• Communicating ideas through art can have consequences

Link to animation: When there is a meaning behind an animation it can be alot more influential and can have an impact on society.

Lecture 12/13 (Colour Theory) notes:

• Rods - convey shades of black, white and grey
• Cones -  allows the brain to perceive colour
• yellow is not a direct result of a type of cone but a mix of red/orange and green cones
• mixing complementary colours dims the colours making less bright colours
• Primarys - colours that cant be made by mixing
• chromatic value = hue+tone+saturation

Link to animation: Colour theory is useful for designing backgrounds, characters and most aspects of animation would benefit from knowledge of how colours work and how our brains perceive them.

Lecture 14/15 (Semiotics) notes:

•  Semiotics is the science of studying signs
• a code is a system of symbols or signs
• codes rely on a shared knowledge
• signifier = sound image, signified = mental concept
• the meanings of signs can shift
• meanings dont come from objects themselves but people

Link to animation: Signifiers have been present in animations throughout history and it is very useful to understand how to use signifiers and how they work.

Academic Writing Techniques

1.
The creation of art and design has been nullified by the demand for design work in companies and advertising. It brings designers to question whether the work they are producing is for a good cause or if it is morally wrong to produce work for corporate companies. Kalman (1998), Garland (2010-2014) Adbusters (2010-2014) have also argued this point.

2.
Duck amuck is an animation with daffy duck being dragged through a deconstructed world. It is clear the animators are making a point about the lack of pay the animators get, this relates to the manifestos because the animation was not created for morally wrong purposes and achieves a greater meaning than   just putting it out for blind entertainment.

3.
The first things first manifesto illustrates the point that creative practitioners should be aware that the work they are producing may not be used for dignified purposes. I agree with the point the text makes but it doesn't take into account the fact that to make a living as an artist/designer its hard to not produce work for morally questionable companies and often the artist has no choice for financial reasons.

4.
In the Fuck Commities manifesto (1998) Kalman talks about how companies and industry is destroying art and making it dull and worthless. Kalman aims to demonstrate how important it is to preserve the positive qualities of artwork, he does this by using rash almost aggressive language to get his point across.

COP Animation

For my context of practice animation i want to show how drawing is the process that underpins all artwork because this is the idea i am trying to get across in my essay. For the sequencing of my animation i am thinking of having a shot of an artist drawing a model and then it shows the paper turn into a 3d workspace such as maya where the artist is modelling the subject with a 3d modelling tool. This is supposed to show that modern technology is not a replacement for drawing it is just a helpful tool as the process and skill of drawing is all knowledge inside the artists head and if the artist can draw the model he should be able to model the subject given he is able to use the program effectively.

Essay Plan

Essay Plan

Intro:

Techniques in which digital cannot offer and traditional hand drawn can, linked to aura.

Technique/quality 1 – higher sense of connection to the viewer due to the animation being essentially straight from the animators pencil to the viewer. Reference Frederick Back as his animations connect with the viewer very intimately

Technique/quality 2 – traditional animation has a sense of charm and likeability when compared with digital animation. Quote from Paul wells book “Drawing for Animation” talking about Joanna Quinn’s work on a “Charmin” toilet rolls advert and how her style of traditional hand drawn animation has the soft, charming qualities, which are hard to achieve through digital animation, “Joanna Quinn’s distinctive drawing style has become the brand identity for Charmin toilet rolls. The softness and ease of the bear drawings imply the same characteristics in the product itself.”

Technique/quality 3 – drawing is a core process in all animation regardless of whether the final outcome is digital or hand drawn therefore drawing will always be a necessary skill in creating animations. 

Academic sources to reference: 
 Paul Wells - Drawing for animation

Wells, Paul, Joanna Quinn, and Les Mills. Basics Animation. Lausanne: AVA Academia, 2008. Print.

Paul Wells - Understanding animation

Wells, Paul. Understanding Animation. London: Routledge, 1998. Print.

Walter Benjamin - Age of mechanical reproduction

 Marxists.org,. "Walter Benjamin". N.p., 2016. Web. 14 Jan. 2016.

Andrew Chong - Digital animation

Chong, Andrew. Digital Animation. Lausanne, Switzerland: AVA Academia, 2008. Print.

Jane Pilling - 2d and beyond

 Pilling, Jayne. Animation. Crans-Près-Céligny: RotoVision, 2001. Print.

Animations to analyse:

Joanna Quinn - Wife of Bath